High arches are a risk factor for Morton's Neuroma, a perineural fibrosis usually found between the 3rd&4th, 4th&5th, or 2nd&3rd metatarsals. I haven't heard of it happening between the 1st&2nd, or in the exact location you suspect, but sensation of pain is often misleading. You should be examined for neuroma because it often starts as a numbing or burning sensation inside the forefoot that is hard to locate exactly.
On the other hand (or foot maybe), the tightening calf could be a symptom of some other problem, even the cause of what you feel. Muscles in the rear of the calf extend all the way to the toes via long tendons, helping with plantarflexion and arch support. On the subject of support, I'm not sure why an arch support would be needed for high arches. They are usually prescribed for low arches, and along with arch-spreading supports to relieve neuroma, are only a temporary fix to provide relief for specific types of symptoms. They can also create enough pressure on the metatarsals to produce stress fractures.
If your problem does turn out to be a developing neuroma, your chances of recovery are much higher when you act early. There can also be problems with fat-pad degeneration at the ball of the foot, usually with a congenital predisposition. This could be your chance to consult a professional who really knows foot problems, the effects of athletic activity on them, and other contributing factors.